What is a Lithium-ion battery?

​There are two types of lithium-based batteries available.

1. Lithium batteries
2. Lithium-ion batteries

 
In lithium batteries, a pure lithium metallic element is used as ANODE. These types of batteries are not rechargeable.

​In lithium-ion batteries, lithium compounds are used as ANODE. These batteries are known as re-chargeable batteries. Therefore, Lithium ion batteries are considered as best than pure Lithium based batteries.
 
Lithium-ion battery (Li-ion Battery)
Li-ion batteries are secondary batteries.
The battery consists of a anode of Lithium, dissolved as ions, into a carbon.
The cathode material is made up from Lithium liberating compounds, typically the three electro-active oxide materials,

1. Lithium Cobalt-oxide (LiCoO2 )
2. Lithium Manganese-oxide (LiMn2 O4 )
3. Lithium Nickel-oxide (LiNiO2)

 
What is inside the Lithium-ion battery (Li-ion Battery)?
Li-ion cell has a four-layer structure.
A positive electrode made with Lithium Cobalt Oxide has a current collector made of thin aluminum foil – we call this the CATHODE
A negative electrode made with specialty carbon has a current collector of thin copper foil – we call this the ANODE
A SEPARATOR is a fine porous polymer film between the CATHODE and ANODE.
An ELECTROLYTE  made with lithium salt in an organic solvent.